Vitiligo
Symptoms
Vitiligo presents as well‑demarcated depigmented macules and patches that may enlarge over time. Lesions commonly affect facial areas, hands, elbows, knees, and genitalia. Hair within patches may turn white (poliosis). The condition is usually asymptomatic but can cause psychological distress. Course is unpredictable, with periods of stability or progression.
Cause
Vitiligo is an autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, with genetic and environmental contributions. Associated autoimmune diseases include thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes, and alopecia areata. Oxidative stress and neural factors may also play roles. Family history increases risk. Trauma (Koebner phenomenon) can trigger new lesions.
Treatment
Topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors induce repigmentation in localized vitiligo. Phototherapy with narrow‑band UVB or excimer laser treats more extensive disease. Systemic corticosteroids or topical JAK inhibitors may halt rapid progression. Cosmetic options include camouflage makeup or micropigmentation. For stable, segmental vitiligo, surgical grafting techniques offer lasting results.
Dr. Beth Schulz-Butulis
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.