Cellulitis
Symptoms
Cellulitis presents as a rapidly spreading area of redness, warmth, swelling, and pain, often on the lower legs. Skin may appear shiny and feel tight. Fever, chills, and malaise can accompany severe infections. Borders are typically ill‑defined compared with erysipelas. Inflammation of lymphatic vessels and regional lymph node swelling may be present.
Cause
Bacteria—usually β‑hemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus—enter through breaks in the skin such as cuts, ulcers, or insect bites. Edema, venous insufficiency, and obesity increase susceptibility. Immunosuppression and diabetes impair host defenses, facilitating deep infection. Trauma, tinea pedis, or surgical wounds are common portals of entry. Delayed treatment can lead to systemic spread.
Treatment
Prompt systemic antibiotics tailored to the likely organism are essential. Elevation and rest of the affected limb reduce swelling. Analgesics help pain control. Severe cases may require hospitalization for intravenous therapy. Addressing underlying risk factors, such as tinea pedis or swelling, prevents recurrence.
Dr. Beth Schulz-Butulis
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