Candidiasis
Symptoms
Cutaneous candidiasis causes red, moist, and macerated plaques with satellite pustules in skin folds such as the groin, beneath breasts, or between toes. Oral thrush presents as white, curd‑like patches on the mucosa that scrape off easily. Vulvovaginal candidiasis results in itching and thick white discharge. Angular cheilitis manifests as painful fissures at the mouth corners. Itching and burning intensify in warm, humid conditions.
Cause
Candida yeasts are part of normal flora but overgrow in moist, occluded areas or when host immunity is compromised. Antibiotic use, diabetes, pregnancy, and corticosteroid therapy predispose to infection. Tight clothing and poor ventilation retain moisture, promoting fungal proliferation. High‑sugar diets may contribute in susceptible individuals. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis may involve resistant species.
Treatment
Topical imidazole or nystatin creams effectively treat skin involvement. Oral fluconazole is used for severe, mucosal, or recurrent infections. Keeping affected areas dry and exposed to air speeds resolution. Controlling blood glucose and limiting antibiotics prevent recurrence. Probiotic use may help restore balanced flora, though evidence is mixed.
Dr. Beth Schulz-Butulis
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