Androgenetic Alopecia
Symptoms
Male‑pattern baldness presents with bitemporal recession and vertex thinning, while female‑pattern shows diffuse crown thinning with preserved frontal hairline. Hair miniaturization leads to shorter, finer strands. Scalp skin may become more visible. Progression occurs gradually over years. Psychological distress is common.
Cause
Genetic predisposition and androgen sensitivity (dihydrotestosterone acting on androgen receptors) lead to progressive follicular miniaturization. Familial patterns are strong. Hormonal changes after puberty trigger onset. In women, polycystic ovary syndrome or menopause can exacerbate thinning. The anagen phase shortens, while telogen proportion increases.
Treatment
Topical minoxidil extends the growth phase and enlarges miniaturized follicles. Oral finasteride inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT in men; dutasteride is an alternative. Low‑level laser therapy may stimulate follicles. Hydrafacial treatment with Keravive, microneedling, Platelet‑rich plasma injections and hair transplantation provide additional options. Early, consistent treatment preserves existing hair.
Dr. Beth Schulz-Butulis
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