Actinic Keratosis (AK)
Symptoms
Actinic keratoses present as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas like the face, scalp, arms, or hands. They are often pink, red, or skin-colored and may feel like sandpaper. Lesions may be tender or sting when touched. Some AKs are easier to feel than see. They can be singular or multiple and tend to increase with age and sun exposure. While usually small, they may enlarge over time. Occasionally, AKs may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma. It’s common in fair-skinned individuals with chronic sun exposure.
Cause
AKs result from cumulative damage to skin cells from UV radiation. The damage leads to abnormal keratinocyte development in the epidermis. Risk increases with age, fair skin, light eyes, and a history of frequent sunburns. Immunosuppressed individuals (e.g., transplant patients) are also at higher risk. It is considered a precancerous condition. Chronic outdoor exposure (e.g., farming, sports) is a key contributor. Prevention involves consistent sun protection.
Treatment
Treatments include cryotherapy (freezing), topical medications (5-fluorouracil, imiquimod), or photodynamic therapy. Cryotherapy is the most commonly used for individual lesions. Topical treatments are often used for “field therapy” when multiple AKs are present. Sun protection helps prevent recurrence and new lesions. In some cases, curettage or laser therapy may be considered. Regular skin checks are recommended, especially for patients with a history of AKs. Early treatment reduces the risk of progression to SCC.
Dr. Beth Schulz-Butulis
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo.