Contact Dermatitis (Allergic & Irritant)
Symptoms
Contact dermatitis manifests as red, itchy, and sometimes blistering patches confined to areas exposed to an offending substance. Allergic reactions can appear 12‑48 hours after contact, whereas irritant reactions often occur immediately. Chronic exposure leads to scaling, fissures, and thickened skin. Stinging or burning sensations are common with irritant forms. Severe cases may ooze or crust.
Cause
Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T‑cells to allergens like nickel, fragrances, or poison ivy. Irritant contact dermatitis results from direct chemical or physical damage to the skin barrier by acids, detergents, or friction. The likelihood of reaction depends on exposure duration, concentration, and individual skin sensitivity. Atopic individuals are more prone to irritant reactions. Occupational settings often contribute significant exposure.
Treatment
Identifying and avoiding the causative agent is paramount. Patch testing can pinpoint allergens for allergic cases. Topical corticosteroids and cool compresses alleviate acute inflammation. Barrier creams, gloves, and protective clothing prevent future irritant exposure. Severe or widespread reactions may require systemic corticosteroids.
Dr. Beth Schulz-Butulis
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